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Superfamily SYRPHOIDEA
50. Family PIPUNCULIDAE
[Originally] by D. Elmo Hardy
Pipunculids, or bigheaded flies, are parasites of several families of Homoptera, especially Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, and Cercopidae. Some are important biological control agents of pest species of leafhoppers. In rice growing areas of the Pacific and Oriental regions, over a dozen species have been recorded as parasites of rice leafhoppers (Koizumi 1959, 1960; Hardy 1971; Yano 1979). Perkins (1905) reared 15 species from leafhopper hosts in Australia. In Hawaii most of the 36 known species have been collected in association with endemic leafhoppers, but no other biological data are available.
Approximately 600 species have been described worldwide. They are still poorly
known throughout the tropics, and at least 1,500 species should eventually
be known. Some 139 species in 11 genera are presently recorded
from the Australasian/Oceanian Regions.
Refs.: Hardy (1964a, key Australian spp.; 1964b, rev. Hawaiian spp.;
1968b, key Pacific, SE Asian spp.), De Meyer (1996, world cat.), Skevington
(2001, rev. Clistoabdominalis; 2002, rev. Allomethus genus group).
Subfamily CHALARINAE
Genus CHALARUS Walker
CHALARUS Walker, 1834: 269. Type species: Cephalops spurius Fallén, 1816, subs. des. Westwood, 1840: 135.
irwini Skevington & Kehlmaier, 2009: 16. Fiji.
Genus JASSIDOPHAGA Aczél
JASSIDOPHAGA Enderlein, 1936a: 129. Nomen nudum; genus-group
name proposed after 1930 without designation of type species from two included
species.
JASSIDOPHAGA Aczél, 1939: 20. Type species: Pipunculus
pilosus Zetterstedt, 1838, orig. des.
flavidipes De Meyer & Grootaert, 1991: 202. Australia (NSW).
japonica Morokote in Morokote & Hirashima, 1990: 140. Japan; Australia (Qld),
PNG (PNG).
ssp. melanosa De Meyer & Grootaert, 1991: 203. PNG (PNG); Australia (Qld).
Subfamily PIPUNCULINAE
Tribe CEPHALOPSINI
Geus ALLOMETHUS Hardy
ALLOMETHUS Hardy, 1943: 128. Type species: Allomethus brimleyi
Hardy, 1943, orig. des.
unicollis Skevington, 2002: 140. Australia (Qld); austrlaia (NSW).
Genus CEPHALOPS Fallén
CEPHALOPS Fallén, 1810a: 10. Type species: Cephalops aeneus Fallén, 1810, mon.
COLLINIAS Aczél, 1940: 151. Type species: Pipunculusheterostigmus Perkins,
1905, orig. des.
Subgenus BECKERIAS Aczél
BECKERIAS Aczél, 1939: 192 (as gen.). Type
species: Beckerias
pannonicus Aczél, 1939, orig. des.
argutus Hardy, 1968a: 470. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia,
New Caledonia (New Caledonia), PNG (PNG); Burma, China (Hainan I), Malaysia,
Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand.
Subgenus CEPHALOPS Fallén
CEPHALOPS Fallén, 1810a: 10. Type species: Cephalops aeneus Fallén,
1810, mon.
ariadneae De Meyer & Grootaert, 1992: 151. Australia
(NSW).
bifidus De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 406. PNG (PNG).
caeruleimontanus De Meyer & Grootaert,
1992: 145. Australia (NSW); Australia (SA).
cochleatus De Meyer & Grootaert,
1992: 146. Australia (NSW).
flaviventris De Meyer & Grootaert,
1992: 148. Australia (NSW).
fraternus Kertész, 1912b: 289 (Dorylas).
Taiwan; PNG (Bismarck Arch); Thailand.
imparilis Hardy, 1968b: 474. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Burma.
libidinosus De Meyer, 1991: 215. NZ (NZ).
microdes Perkins, 1905: 147. Australia (Qld); "Borneo," Philippines,
Thailand, Vietnam.
multidenticulatus De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 407. PNG
(PNG).
papuaensis De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 408. PNG (PNG).
parmatus De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 410. PNG (PNG).
robustus De Meyer & Grootaert, 1992: 149. Australia
(NSW).
terraereginensis De Meyer & Grootaert,
1992: 152. Australia (Qld).
xanthocnemis De Meyer & Grootaert, 1992: 154. Australia
(Qld).
Subgenus SEMICEPHALOPS De Meyer
SEMICEPHALOPS De Meyer, 1994: 12. Type species: Pipunculus
semifumosus Kowarz, 1887, orig. des.
acrothrix Perkins, 1910: 698 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
alienus Hardy, 1953b: 59 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
ssp. alienus s. str. Hawaiian
Is.
ssp. koolauensis Hardy, 1964b:
318 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
amplus Hardy, 1964b: 320 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
bicuspidis Hardy, 1964b: 323 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
canutifrons Hardy, 1964b: 325 (Pipunculus).
Hawaiian Is.
chauliosternum Hardy, 1964b: 327 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
cornutus Hardy, 1953b: 60 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
delomeris Hardy, 1964b: 330 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
euryhymenos Hardy, 1964b: 332 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
filicicola Hardy, 1964b: 332 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
gnomus Hardy, 1964b: 336 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
haleakalaae Hardy, 1953b: 64 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
hawaiiensis Perkins, 1905: 155 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
holomelas Perkins, 1910: 698 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
injectivus Hardy, 1964b: 344 (Pipunculus).
Hawaiian Is.
juvator Perkins, 1905: 152 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
ssp. juvator s. str. Hawaiian
Is.
ssp. melanopodis Hardy, 1953a:
64 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
juvencus Hardy, 1964b: 347 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
laterisutilis Hardy, 1964b: 348 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
macrothrix Hardy, 1964b: 350 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
megameris Hardy, 1964b: 352 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
molokaiensis Grimshaw, 1901: 17 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
nigrotarsatus Grimshaw, 1901: 18 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
vulcanus Perkins, 1910: 697 (Pipunculus).
Hawaiian
Is.
oahuensis Perkins, 1905: 153 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
obscuratus Hardy, 1953b: 66 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
obstipus Hardy, 1964b: 360 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
perkinsiellae Hardy, 1953b: 69 (Dorilas). Hawaiian
Is.
proditus Hardy, 1964b: 363 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
rotundipennis Grimshaw, 1901: 18 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
pyrophilus Perkins, 1910: 698 (Pipunculus).
Hawaiian
Is.
sectus Hardy, 1964b: 367 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
swezeyi Perkins, 1905: 154 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
terryi Perkins, 1905: 153 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
timberlakei Hardy, 1953b: 70 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
titanus Hardy, 1964b: 374 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian Is.
trichostylis Hardy, 1964b: 376 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
uluhe Hardy, 1953a: 72 (Dorilas). Hawaiian Is.
apletomeris Hardy, 1964b: 321 (Pipunculus). Hawaiian
Is.
Genus CEPHALOSPHAERA Enderlein
CEPHALOSPHAERA Enderlein, 1936f: 129. Type species: Pipunculus furcatus Egger,
1860, orig. des. [Type species fixed by orig. des. not mon., see I.C.Z.N.,
1961: 230.]
ANACEPHALOPS Aczél, 1940: 151. Type species: Pipunculusamboinalis Walker,
1860, orig. des.
amboinalis Walker, 1860b: 150 (Pipunculus). Indonesia
(Maluku).
gymne De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 403. PNG (PNG); Solomon
Is.
immodica De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 404. PNG (PNG).
wauensis De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990: 405. PNG (PNG).
xanthosternum Hardy, 1968b: 438 (Pipunculus). PNG
(Bismarck Arch).
Genus CLAREOLA Aczél
CLAREOLA Aczél, 1940: 151. Type species: Dorylas
adventitius Kertész, 1912, orig. des.
anorhaebus Hardy, 1968b: 436 (Pipunculus). PNG
(Bismarck Arch).
cyclohirta Skevington, 2002: 142. Australia (NSW); Australia
(Qld).
erinys Perkins, 1905: 138 (Pipunculus).
Australia (Qld); Australia (ACT, NSW, Qld, Vic, WA).
hylaea Perkins, 1905: 139 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld).
sicilis Skevington, 2002: 149. Australia (Qld); Australia
(NSW, Qld, Tas).
spargosis Skevington, 2002: 152. Australia (Qld).
yingka Skevington,
2002: 154. Australia (NSW).
Genus CLISTOABDOMINALIS Skevington
CLISTOABDOMINALIS Skevington in Skevington & Yeates,
2001: 435. Type species: Pipunculus helluo Perkins, 1905, orig.
des.
ancyclus Skevington, 2001: 704. Australia (Qld); Australia
(ACT, NSW, Qld, Tas, Vic, WA).
angelikae Skevington, 2001: 707. Australia (WA).
beneficiens Perkins, 1905: 143 (Pipunculus).
Australia (Qld); Australia (ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, Vic).
capillifascis Skevington, 2001: 711. Australia (Qld); Australia
(NSW, Tas).
carnatistylus Skevington, 2001: 713. Australia
(Qld).
collessi Skevington,
2001: 714. Australia (ACT).
colophus Skevington,
2001: 715. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).
condylostylus Skevington,
2001: 717. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).
danielsi Skevington,
2001: 718. Australia (Qld).
dasymelus Skevington,
2001: 720. Australia (Qld).
digitatus Skevington,
2001: 721. Australia (Qld); Australia (ACT, Qld, Tas).
eutrichodes Perkins, 1906: 494 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld).
exallus Skevington, 2001: 725. Australia (Tas).
gaban Skevington,
2001: 726. Australia (Qld).
gremialis Skevington,
2001: 727. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT, Qld).
helluo Perkins, 1905: 144
(Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld); Australia (NSW, NT, Qld, SA).
koebelei Perkins, 1905: 144 (Pipunculus). Australia
(NSW); Australia (Qld).
lambkinae Skevington, 2001: 734. Australia (Qld).
lingulatus Skevington,
2001: 735. Australia (WA); Australia (Qld, SA, WA).
macropygus de Meijere, 1914b: 167 (Pipunculus). Indonesia
(Java); PNG (Bismarck Arch); India, Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand.
matheisoni Skevington, 2001: 737. Australia (Tas); Australia
(Qld).
monas Perkins, 1905: 145 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld).
nutatus Skevington, 2001: 740. Australia (NT); Australia
(Qld, SA).
octiparvus Skevington,
2001: 741. Australia (Qld); Australia (Vic, WA).
scalenus Skevington, 2001: 743. Australia (Tas).
scintillatus Skevington,
2001: 744. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).
tasmanicus Skevington,
2001: 746. Australia (Tas).
tharra Skevington,
2001: 747. Australia (Qld).
trochanteratus Becker, 1900:
221 (Pipunculus). Egypt; Australia (NSW, NT, SA, Vic, WA); Israel, Japan, Laos,
Thailand.
picrodes Perkins, 1905: 145 (Pipunculus). Australia
(NSW).
yeatesi Skevington, 2001: 751. Australia (Qld); Australia
(NSW).
Genus DASYDORYLAS Skevington
DASYDORYLAS Skevington in Skevington & Yeates, 2001: 435. Type
species: Pipunculus eucalypti Perkins, 1905, orig. des.
dolichostigmus Perkins, 1905: 140 (Pipunculus).
Australia (Qld).
eucalypti Perkins, 1905: 138 (Pipunculus). Australia (Qld)
fallax Perkins, 1905: 141 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld).
infissus Hardy, 1968b: 450 (Pipunculus). PNG (Bismarck
Arch).
lamellifer Perkins, 1905: 141 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld).
agamus Perkins, 1905: 141 (Pipunculus).
Australia
(Qld).
comitans Perkins, 1905: 141 (Pipunculus).
Australia
(Qld).
monothrix Hardy, 1968b: 455 (Pipunculus). PNG (Bismarck
Arch).
orientalis Koizumi, 1959: 43 (Dorilas).
Japan; PNG (Bismarck Arch); widesp. Oriental Reg.
Genus EUDORYLAS Aczél
EUDORYLAS Aczél, 1940: 151. Type species: Cephalops opacus Fallén, 1816, orig. des.
acroacanthus Hardy, 1968b: 439. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
albucus Hardy, 1968b: 441. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
arthurianus Tonnoir, 1925d: 315. NZ (NZ).
cinerascens Perkins, 1905: 142. Australia (Qld).
cruciator Perkins, 1905: 137. Australia (Qld).
deansi Tonnoir, 1925d: 315. NZ (NZ).
fumipennis Kertész, 1903: 467. PNG (PNG).
gressitti Hardy, 1956b: 7 (Dorilas). Guam.
harrisi Tonnoir, 1925d: 315. NZ (NZ).
javaensis de Meijere, 1907: 262. Indonesia (Java); PNG (Bismarck Arch);
Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.
formosanus Kertész, 1912b: 298 (Dorylas). Taiwan.
transversus Brunetti, 1923b: 13. India.
tsuboii Koizumi, 1959: 40 (Dorilas). Japan.
mutillatus Loew, 1857a: 374 [1860b: 355 (as mutilatus)].
South Africa; Belau, Micronesia, PNG (Bismarck Arch), Solomon Is; widesp. Oriental, Palearctic
Regs.
aequalis Becker, 1924a: 16. Taiwan.
matema Curran, 1936: 22. Solomon Is.
hiatus Hardy, 1956b: 5 (Dorilas). Micronesia.
distocruciator Hardy, 1966: 441. Nepal.
cruciator, Koizumi, 1959, not Perkins, 1905, misid.
hepaticolor, de Meijere, 1907, not Becker, 1900, misid.
mutuus Hardy, 1968b: 459. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
parvulus Wulp, 1898a: 124. PNG (PNG).
totoniger Hardy, 1968b: 463. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
Tribe PIPUNCULINI
Genus PIPUNCULUS Latreille
DORILAS Meigen, 1800: 31. Suppressed by I.C.Z.N., 1963b: 339.
PIPUNCULUS Latreille, 1802: 463. Type species: Pipunculus campestris Latreille,
1802, mon.
anthracias Perkins, 1905: 146. Australia (Qld).
crypsichalcus Perkins, 1905: 146. Australia (Qld).
atrifrons Hardy, 1968b: 471. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
buclavus Hardy, 1968b: 472. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
homoeophanes Perkins, 1905: 148. Australia (Qld).
xanthocnemis Perkins, 1905: 148. Australia (Qld).
Tribe MICROCEPHALOPSINI
Genus COLLINIAS Aczél
COLLINIAS Aczél, 1940: 151. Type species: Pipunculus
heterostigmus Perkins, 1905, orig. des.
croceus Skevington, 2006: 17. Fiji.
dolobratus Skevington, 2006: 20. Fiji.
heterostigmus Perkins, 1905: 149 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld); Philippines, Vietnam.
limitaris Collin, 1929: 189 (Pipunculus).
American Samoa.
schlingeri Skevington, 2006: 24. Fiji.
vitiensis Muir, 1906: 10 (Pipunculus).
Fiji; Niue.
Genus MICROCEPHALOPS De Meyer
MICROCEPHALOPS De Meyer, 1989: 1940. Type species: Pipunculus banksi Aczél, 1940, orig. des.
Undetermined sp. — Fiji (Evenhuis, 2006: 14).
Tribe TOMOSVARYELLINI
Genus TOMOSVARYELLA Aczél
TOMOSVARYELLA Aczél, 1939: 22. Type species: Pipunculus sylvaticus Meigen, 1824, orig. des. [See I.C.Z.N., 1961: 230.]
cagiae Skevington & Földváry, 2008: 30. Fiji.
corusca Skevington & Földváry, 2008: 32. Fiji.
epichalca Perkins, 1905: 150 (Pipunculus). Australia
(Qld); Cambodia, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan.
leimonias Perkins, 1905: 151 (Pipunculus). Australia (Qld).
micronesiae Hardy, 1956b: 3. Guam; Micronesia, Northern Marianas.
moala Skevington & Földváry, 2008: 35. Fiji.
novaezealandiae Tonnoir, 1925d: 314. NZ (NZ).
nyctias Perkins, 1905: 152 (Pipunculus). Australia (Qld); PNG
(Bismarck Arch); Philippines.
pseudophanes Perkins, 1905: 151 (Pipunculus). Australia (Qld).
sentis Hardy, 1968b: 486. PNG (Bismarck Arch).
subvirescens Loew, 1872a: 87 [1872b: 263] (Pipunculus). USA; Belau,
Northern Marianas; cosmopol.
simulans Becker, 1924a: 15. Taiwan.
synadelpha Perkins, 1905: 150 (Pipunculus). Australia (Qld); PNG
(Bismarck Arch), Solomon Is; Philippines.